Why Black People Had a Complex Relationship With Fidel Castro

When Fidel Castro died on Nov. 25, 2016, Cuban exiles in the United States celebrated the demise of a man they called an evil dictator. Castro committed a series of human rights abuses, they said, silencing political dissidents by imprisoning or killing them. U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio  (R-Florida) summed up the feelings of many Cuban Americans about Castro in a statement he released after  the ruler’s passing. â€Å"Sadly, Fidel Castro’s death does not mean freedom for the Cuban people or justice for the democratic activists, religious leaders, and political opponents he and his brother have jailed and persecuted,† Rubio said. â€Å"The dictator has died, but the dictatorship has not. And one thing is clear, history will not absolve Fidel Castro; it will remember him as an evil, murderous dictator who inflicted misery and suffering on his own people.† In contrast, blacks throughout the African Diaspora viewed Castro through a more complicated lens. He may have been a brutal dictator but he was also an ally to Africa, an anti-imperialist who eluded assassination attempts by the U.S. government and a champion of education and healthcare. Castro supported the efforts of African nations to liberate themselves from colonial rule, opposed apartheid and granted exile to a prominent African American radical. But along with  these deeds, Castro faced criticism from blacks during the years before  his death because of racism’s persistence in Cuba. An Ally to Africa Castro proved himself to be a friend to Africa as various countries there fought for independence during the 1960s and ’70s. After Castro’s death, Bill Fletcher, Black Radical Congress founder, discussed the unique  relationship between the Cuban Revolution in 1959 and Africa on the Democracy Now! radio program. â€Å"The Cubans were very supportive of the Algerian struggle against the French, which succeeded in 1962,† Fletcher said. â€Å"They went on to support the various anti-colonial movements in Africa, including in particular  the anti-Portuguese movements in Guinea-Bissau, Angola, and Mozambique. And they were unquestioning in their support for the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa.† Cuba’s support to Angola as the West African nation fought for independence from Portugal in 1975 set into motion apartheid’s end. Both the Central Intelligence Agency and the apartheid government of South Africa tried to thwart the revolution, and Russia objected to Cuba intervening in the conflict. That didnt deter Cuba from getting involved, however. The 2001 documentary Fidel: The Untold Story chronicles how Castro sent 36,000 troops to keep South African forces from attacking Angola’s capital city and more than 300,000 Cubans aided in Angola’s independence struggle — 2,000 of whom were killed during the conflict. In 1988, Castro sent in even more troops, which helped to overcome the South African army and, thus, advance the mission of black South Africans. But Castro didn’t stop there. In 1990, Cuba also played a role in helping Namibia win independence from South Africa, another blow to the apartheid government. After Nelson Mandela was freed from prison in 1990, he repeatedly thanked Castro.   â€Å"He was a hero in Africa, Latin America, and North America for those who needed freedom from oligarchic and autocratic oppression,† the Rev. Jesse Jackson said of Castro in a statement about the Cuban leader’s death. â€Å"While Castro, unfortunately, denied many political freedoms, he at the same time did establish many economic freedoms — education and health care. He changed the world. While we may not agree with all of Castro’s actions, we can accept his lesson that where there is oppression there must be resistance.† Black Americans like Jackson  have long expressed admiration for Castro, who famously met with Malcolm X in Harlem in 1960 and sought out meetings with other black leaders. Mandela and Castro South Africa’s Nelson Mandela publicly praised Castro for his support of the anti-apartheid struggle. The military support Castro sent to Angola helped to destabilize the apartheid regime and pave the way for new leadership. While Castro stood on the right side of history, as far as apartheid was concerned, the U.S. government is said to have been involved in Mandela’s 1962 arrest and even characterized him as a terrorist. Moreover, President  Ronald Reagan vetoed the Anti-Apartheid Act. When Mandela was released from prison after serving 27 years for his political activism, he described Castro as an â€Å"inspiration to all freedom-loving people.† He applauded Cuba for remaining independent in spite of fierce opposition from imperialist nations such as the United States. He said that South Africa also wished â€Å"to control our own destiny† and publicly asked Castro to visit. â€Å"I haven’t visited my South African homeland yet,† Castro said. â€Å"I want it, I love it as a homeland. I love it as a homeland as I love you and the South African people.† The Cuban leader finally traveled to South Africa in 1994 to watch Mandela become its first black president. Mandela faced criticism for supporting Castro but kept his promise not to ignore his allies in the fight against apartheid. Why Black Americans Admire Castro African Americans have long felt a kinship to the people of Cuba  given the island nation’s considerable black population. As Sam Riddle, political director of Michigan’s National Action Network told the Associated Press, â€Å"It was Fidel who fought for the human rights for black Cubans. Many Cubans are as black as any black who worked in the fields of Mississippi or lived in Harlem. He believed in medical care and education for his people.† Castro ended segregation after the Cuban Revolution and gave asylum to Assata Shakur (nee Joanne Chesimard), a black radical who fled there after a 1977 conviction for killing a state trooper in New Jersey. Shakur has denied wrongdoing. But Riddle’s portrayal of Castro as a race relations hero may be somewhat romanticized given that black Cubans are overwhelmingly poor, underrepresented in positions of power and locked out of jobs in the country’s burgeoning tourism industry, where lighter skin appears to be a prerequisite to entry. In 2010, 60 prominent African Americans, including Cornel West and filmmaker Melvin Van Peebles, issued a letter attacking Cubas human rights record, especially as it related to black political dissidents. They expressed concern that the Cuban government had â€Å"increased violations of civil and human rights for those black activists in Cuba who dare raise their voices against the islands racial system.† The letter also called for the release from prison of black activist and physician Darsi Ferrer. Castro’s revolution may have promised equality for blacks, but he was ultimately unwilling to engage those who pointed out that racism remained. The Cuban government responded to the concerns of the African American group by simply denouncing their statement.

Malcolm X, A Civil Right Activist And Powerful Black Leader

In the influential and provoking essay â€Å"Learning to Read† (1965), Malcolm X, a civil right activist and powerful black leader, narrates his story on how books transformed his life forever into the realm of human rights. Incorporating sequential narrative and social analysis, he explains his methodology in attaining literacy and how this process influences him to espouse black separatism and resent white people, while providing historical fact and jarring criticism in his arguments. Using first-person narrative, Malcom advances through the story by pointing each progression in detail, while using provocative diction in order to evoke emotional response without forsaking essential argumentation in his writing. Malcolm conveys his writing to an ostensibly general audience, although he purposely focuses more on white people in order to unleash his anger and criticism. Malcolm begins his auto-biography in his frustration of â€Å"not being able to express† his thought and even calls himself â€Å"[dysfunctional]† (Malcolm 2) to demonstrate his initial helpless condition. To make it worse, as if to appeal to the reader’s pathos, he was situated inside a prison. In his helplessness, he reveals his innocent motivation of how he starts to attain literacy; by mere jealousy to another people. He describes his own effort in an exciting tone, exhausting every inch of the dictionary by copying it. He describes his dictionary as a â€Å"miniature encyclopedia† which allows him to understand the book’sShow MoreRelatedThe Significance of the Role of Malcolm X on African American Activists1634 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent was the role of Malcolm X significant in the rise of radical African American activism (1965-1968)? A. Plan of the Investigation To what extent was the role of Malcolm X significant in the rise of radical African American activism (1965-1968)? This investigation will assess the significance of Malcolm X’s significance in giving rise to African American activism. Malcolm X’s motives, involvement in the civil rights movement and his leadership will all be discussed in order toRead MoreMalcolm X Draft 21700 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Impacts of Malcolm X The Black Civil Rights Movement of the 20th century pushed for and achieved different levels equality through its many prominent activists. Prior to the movement, millions of Black Americans faced brutal abuse and segregation with little to no government action taking place against such wrongdoings. The movement included passionate advocates for black equality such as Rosa Parks, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. These civil and human rights activists inspired millionsRead MoreUtilization Of The Situational Approach1249 Words   |  5 Pageskinds of leadership†. (Northouse 93) Permanently altering White perceptions enough to allow African Americans the rights necessary to be equal to them was no easy task. His followers needed to be given the confidence necessary to stand up for their rights at all times and against anyone oppressing them. Operating in a coaching style, he instructed his followers to fight for their rights by any means necessary when met with violenc e first and detailed the amount of force needed to change society atRead MoreComparing Martin Luther King And Malcolm X917 Words   |  4 PagesGraichen - HST 325 - 06/17/2017 Q3: Compare and contrast Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were both civil rights leaders during the 1960s, but had different ideologies on how civil rights should be won. Both men were also deeply religious, but followed different religions and paths. The Great Depression never ended for African Americans; while others enjoyed an economic recovery, Black unemployment rose. 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Martin Luther King, Jr. meeting Malcolm X in the U.S. Capitol, 1964., 2017 Radical reform made sense to King while rejection and revolutionary rage made more sense to to Malcolm X (Waldschmidt-Nelson and Waldschmidt-Nelson, 2012). Dr. King was a Baptist minister who believed in the equality of all people beforeRead MoreWho knew the two most powerful African Americans that influence countless of people in history and700 Words   |  3 PagesWho knew the two most powerful African Americans that influence countless of people in history and wrote their one of many most inspirational work while locked up in jail? Martin Luther King Jr. was incarcerated because the city officials issued a court injunction to prohibit the civil rights marches in Birmingham. Whereas, Malcolm x was arrested for burglary while trying to pick up a stolen watch he had left for repairs at a jewelry shop. The fight for civil right was taken in the 1960s, whereRead MoreA Closer Look at Malcolm Xs Tactics Essay994 Words   |  4 Pages Malcolm X was a civil right activist in the 1960. Ma lcolm X’s public speech, â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet,† was a famous speech that motivated black communities to push for their civil right. Malcolm X was a radical and an advocate of violence. The purpose of Malcolm X speech was to convince his audience and the black community to come together as one and fight for their civil rights in America. He also convinces his audience to be more aware of how the government is treating them. Malcolm X uses ethosRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement712 Words   |  3 PagesCivil rights movement The African Americans managed to solve their conflict and resolution through acts of non-violence and struggle. Even though the actions taken by Malcolm X were of good intentions, they ended up causing a ripple between African Americans. On the other hand Martin Luther King Jr. identified that if people were going to respond to hatred with more hatred then there will be little chances for change and substance which was never understood by Malcolm. He was, of course, powerfulRead MoreEssay On The Ballot Or The Bullet By Malcolm X750 Words   |  3 PagesU.S. History from 1877 14 November 2017 The Leaders and their Influences on the Civil Rights Movement Dr. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X are notable activists during the civil rights movement in America. They were leaders highly credited by the public. They carried similar, and different views on how to take on oppression in America. â€Å"Nonviolence: The Only Road to Freedom† (1966) by Martin Luther King and â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† (1964) by Malcolm X had points were they agreed with one another

Amy Foster by Joseph Conrad and The Mythology of Love by Joseph Campbell Essay Example For Students

Amy Foster by Joseph Conrad and The Mythology of Love by Joseph Campbell Essay In Amy Foster, Joseph Conrad has written a great story that shows the different types of love felt between Amy and Yanko as described by Joseph Campbell in his essay on The Mythology of Love. The relationship of Yanko and Amy is dynamic and changes as the story progresses. At first, Amy feels compassion for Yanko; she does not see the differences between him and the English people as the others of Brenzett do. However, later in the story, compassion turns to passion. Amys son is then born; distinctions appear and she is either no longer able to love Yanko or she loves Yanko to such an extent that she finds she is incapable of joining Yanko on an earthly plane as Joseph Campbell describes page 159. Whatever the reasons may be, Amy refuses to aid Yanko in his time of need, resulting in Yankos death. There is a great change of heart from Amys first compassion for Yanko to her nonchalance of his death. However, the results may have only been a product of the different levels of love felt by Amy for Yanko. We will write a custom essay on Amy Foster by Joseph Conrad and The Mythology of Love by Joseph Campbell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The general population of Brenzett treats Yanko an escaped lunatic when he is first spotted in the seaside town. He is whipped, stoned and beaten by many of the residents. In addition, he was captured and caged like a wild animal. He is described as a drunk, tramp, and creature. He is very different from the usual Englishman and is treated as such. He is segregated and is forced to work for Mr. Swaffer. However, one person sees through the differences. Amy, perhaps because of her stupidity or an ability to feel for Yanko, does not see a wild foreigner that screams at night and dances strangely. She saw only the similarities, the oneness of two human beings, and not the separateness. This is the basis of compassion, as Campbell shows. Thus, Amy is able to be selfless, boundless, without ego. This compassion shown for Yanko expresses the affection felt by Amy for the foreigner and is received by him as love. The love is returned by Yanko in his actions, when he buys Amy a green ribbon and eventually proposes marriage. This is one of the levels of love described by Joseph Campbell, compassion. It transcends differences and differences. The nature of the relationship changes after the two marry. It degrades from a higher, spiritual order of love to an animal passion. It is no longer a oneness for which Amy loves Yanko. Rather, it is the sex drive, the physical want of a male for a female and vice versa. This type of relationship, as Campbell states, still transcends differences and even loyalties. Conrad writes, Her infatuation endured. People saw her going out to meet him in the evening. She stared with unblinking, fascinated eyes up the road where he was expected to appear This clearly shows that Amy no longer feels compassion; instead, she feels passion for Yanko. Socially, it is more powerful to feel passion rather than compassion. However, Campbell asserts that compassion reveals a deeper understanding of oneness and connection rather than a lower form of love such as passion, the mere sexual longing for a member of the opposite sex. Therefore, what may seem to be a development of greater love for one another may in essence be the degradation of true love. Soon after, the passion evolves yet again. There is some ambiguity to what type of love it has been transformed into; there are two possibilities because of which Amy refuses to help Yanko. It could be that Amys love for Yanko has developed into the third love described by Joseph Campbell, a love for one specific person. For let us note well and here is the high point of Manns thinking on the subject: what is lovable about any human being is precisely his imperfections, says Campbell page 167. Amy begins to love Yanko for the individual that he is, not the person that is connected to her or the member of the opposite sex. .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a , .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a .postImageUrl , .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a , .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a:hover , .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a:visited , .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a:active { border:0!important; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a:active , .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u73d83a91f873dffa52a58dde0f8b211a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Visual Art In Greek Mythology EssayAmy sees how he sings to their new son in a strange language, he teaches the boy how to pray; she sees his differences, and realizes that she could never really be one with him on this earth. Could this be why Amy allows Yanko to die? Perhaps she loves him so much she finds the only way to be one with him is to allow him to die. Perhaps the agony of love is too much for her to bear and thus she ends the pain. There also lies a faint possibility that Amy recognizes the difference between Yanko and the common man and that she loses the most important aspect of love, similarity. Without the compassion or passion, she is unable to love or care for Yanko, even in his time of need. Therefore, when Yanko calls for her help, she looks at him as if he is an alien and does not aid him, while she has lost all love for him. It is unclear to the reader whether it is great love that Amy experiences so great, she cannot bear the pain or it is an inability to love Yanko anymore that causes her stay motionless as Yanko calls for her help as he dies in front of her. The story of Amy Foster presents an incredible mystery about the love between a dull woman and a foreign man. Even with the aid of an extremely helpful analysis of love by Joseph Campbell, it remains unclear why Amy acts the way she does as Yanko lies on his deathbed. Does Amy feel an immense love for Yanko or does she fail to love him at all? Whatever the reason may be, it is clear that she expresses throughout the story many of the differing types of love along with their implications discussed in Campbells essay, The Mythology of Love.

Resource

Resource-based view (RBV) and positioning are the most popular approaches to strategy formation (Hooley et al, 2000). Their differences and peculiarities create a considerable ground to promote competitions and competitive advantages between organizations.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Resource-based view and positioning approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The adoption of these models influences the organizational structure of the company, so it becomes important to discuss why different organizations like Coca-Cola or Apple give preferences to one of these methods. Overall, it is possible to argue that RBV and positioning are not mutually exclusive; they can be adopted simultaneously. Resource-based view of the strategy is grounded on the idea that competitive advantage can be acquired through the best utilization of the company`s assets or resources. The term resource is generic and can inclu de such components as in-house of knowledge of technology, skilled workforce, brand name, and unique technological processes (Wernerfelt, 1984, p 172; Mosakowski, 1998). Such tactics has already proved its reliability, especially in automobile industry. Toyota and other Japanese corporations view RBV as the key principle for each business process. It should be noted that resource-based view of the strategy comprises such models as TQM and Six Sigma for improving the performance. Michael Porter maintains the firm can obtain long-term supremacy over its rivals by positioning itself as unique or distinguishable from other firms operating in the given market (Porter, 1996, p 61). This goal is attained by serving few needs of many customers as it is done by the producers of auto lubricants; by addressing the broad demands of a very limited audience, usually well-to-do clients; and by serving broad needs of a wide audience[1] (Porter, 1996, p 62). RBV and positioning are quite compatible with one another. They are successfully applied by various companies like Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft. Resource-based view is beneficial to that extent that it enables to minimize the operational costs, establish the most optimal workplace standards, and improve time-efficiency (Barney, 1991). One of the key points of this theory is a proper identification of key resources and effectiveness of the chosen resources. For example, Microsoft’s important key resources are process guidance and threat modeling tool. Process guidance is a part that promotes secure and worthwhile computing system, and threat-modeling tool makes the work of soft developers safer and allows to identify threats earlier than they may appear.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These sources are represented by each part of the team individually, and this very step promotes the creation of competitive parties and advantages. The combination, offered by Microsoft employers, remains to be the key that establishes ongoing competitive example and develops average performance within the sphere of the chosen industry. Those companies, which attach importance to positioning, usually pay special attention to the so-called value chain. Their main objective is to prove that their product or products are unique in terms of their functionality, reliability, design, and so forth (Hooley et al, 1998; Barry 2000). They normally adopt the so-called value-based pricing, which usually exceeds the cost of production. One of the examples is Coca-Cola and constant competitions in soft drink industry. The choice of Coca-Cola for environmental condition for positioning is obvious. This company always struggles for recognition among its customers and talking leading positions among the organizations of the same sphere. Fear of retaliation and the issues of loyalty become the main points to c onsider. During a long period of time, Coca-Cola tried to achieved the best results and attract the attention of many people. Now, this work is noticeable because such environmental conditions and such forces like the threat to face this competitor make this company recognizable among the others. The 5 Forces Porter’s Model helps to recognize the attractiveness of the Coca-Cola Company and the development of competitive strategies. The main 5 forces are Suppliers, Buyers, New Entrants, Industrial Competitors, and Substitutes. Each force has its considerable effect on the Coca-Cola development and its competitive abilities. Let us evaluate each point separately. Competitors of the Coca-Cola Company are Pepsi and other local brands that try to take the same positions in the market share and compete in prices. A threat of entry is closely connected to new and attractive manufacturers, however, these manufacturers are still afraid of Coca-Cola’s popularity, readiness to co mpetitions, and strong popular name. And such substitutes like milk drinks, coffee, water, beer, and other fashionable drinks promote changes with price-performance. Supply power plays an important role in the Coca-Cola because they are responsible for availability of all the necessary ingredients, quality, safety, and speed of supply chain.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Resource-based view and positioning approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If this chain is broken, the company faces other problems, which influence the other force, the buyer’s own. Power of shops, supermarkets, and numerous bars is noticeable, and these organizations want to use the production of companies, whose goods and services are known around the world. This is why buyer’s power positively influences the development of the Coca-Cola Inc. The resource-based view of strategy strives for innovation, and the en terprises that chosen this very strategy try to differentiate their business models or technologies rather than products (Prahalad Hamel, 1990). The main intention is to minimize the cost of production. They prefer to outsource some of their businesses processes to other countries with less expensive labor force (Held McGrew, 2000). Both of these approaches have their own strengths and weaknesses. As it has been mentioned before, RBV helps to maximize performance, increase the volume of production and reduce wastes. Yet, it can be imitated, so the competitive advantage may be lost. In contrast, positioning contributes to better relations with the customers but the firm and the styles itself as different or unique are vulnerable to external forces like the emergence of substitute products (Porter, 1980). This is why it might be prudent to reconcile RVB and positioning. The experience of many corporations indicates that this task is not insurmountable. References Barney, J.   1991 .  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage†.  Journal of Management  17,  no.  1,  (March  1):  99. Barry. 2000. Organization and management: a critical text. New York: Cengage Learning EMEA. Held, D. and McGrew, A. 2000, The Globalization Transformations Reader.  Cambridge Policy Press.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hooley. G. Saunders J Piercy N. 2000 Marketing strategy and competitive positioning. Pearson Education. Mosakowski, E. (1998) â€Å"Managerial Prescriptions under the Resource-Based View of Strategy: The Example of Motivational Techniques†, Strategic Management Journal, 19(12), pp. 1169-1182. Prahalad, C. and G. Hamel (1990). â€Å"The core competence of the organization.†Ã‚  Harvard business review 68(3): 79-91. Porter, M. 1980. Competitive strategy: techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: Free Press. Porter M, 1996. â€Å"What is Strategy†. Harvard Business Review , pp 61-78. Web. Wernerfelt B. 1984 â€Å"A Resource-based View of the Firm†. Strategic .Management Journal, Vol.5, 171-180. Footnotes The most eloquent example of such positioning is Google Inc This critical writing on Resource-based view and positioning approach was written and submitted by user Lila Cheney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.